How the equilibrium solver works — EquiLibrium

How the equilibrium solver worksThe mass and charge balances behind the answers, how the system is solved numerically, and where the usual course approximations stop being valid.Chemical equilibrium, solved exactly and drawn in your browser. The tools need JavaScript; these are the pages they offer:

pH calculator — acids, bases and buffers

Titration — the whole curve, point by point

Acid/base speciation — the forms of an acid against pH

Any equilibrium — complexes, solubility and Ksp

Exercises — checked, with hints

How it works — the balances behind the answers

Data — the pKa and Ksp tables

About — sources and citation

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